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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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ILLUSION
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00142_Text_res12t.txt
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1996-12-31
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How can we possibly explain
the inaccuracy of observersΓÇÖ
reports about distance if, as I
have just argued, the results
for size are based on the
assumption that the distance
change is perceived
appropriately? The answer, I
believe, is similar to the one
advanced in Chapter 2 to
explain a paradox about the
moon illusion: Observers
perceive the horizon moon to
be larger because they perceive
it to be farther away, yet
precisely because they do
perceive it to be larger, they
conclude that it must appear
closer, since they have learned
that size varies with distance.
In the convergence
experiment, observers are also
faced with two conflicting
sources of information to
which they must respond, and
they also make a deduction
about distance based not on a
genuine perceptual cue but on
apparent size. With an increase
in convergence, the figure
appears to shrink in size;
observers are thus inclined to
think, in response to the
experimenter's question about
distance change, "It is getting
smaller, so it must be moving
farther away." But if they use
convergence as a direct cue to
distance, they are inclined to
give the opposite response.
Information is available that
the convergence of the eyes is
increasing. Therefore, the
perceptual system can infer
that the eyes must be focusing
on something that is coming
closer. Observers thus face a
conflict when it comes to
responding about distance, but
not when it comes to
responding about size. That is
why reports about size can
sometimes be a more accurate,
less-contaminated measure of
the effectiveness of distance
cues than are distance reports
themselves. It is also why, in
the convergence experiment,
reports about size are more
consistent than reports about
distance.